Multi-Soil-Layering Technology: A New Approach to Remove Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystins from Water

Eutrophication of surface waters caused by toxic cyanobacteria such as Microcystis aeruginosa leads to the release secondary metabolites called Microcystins (MCs), which are heptapeptides with adverse effects on soil microbiota, plants, animals, and human health. Therefore, avoid succumbing negative these cyanotoxins, various remediation approaches have been considered. These techniques involve expensive physico-chemical processes because specialized equipment facilities required. Thus, implementing eco-technologies capable handling this problem has become necessary. Indeed, multi-soil-layering (MSL) technology can essentially meet requirement. This system requires little space, needs simple maintenance, energy-free operation high durability (20 years). The performance is that it remove 1.16 4.47 log10 units fecal contamination from water, 98% suspended solids (SS), 92% biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical (COD), total nitrogen (TN), 100% phosphorus (TP). only reported use cyanotoxins shown a 99% removal rate MC-LR. However, mechanisms involved in removing toxin water not fully understood. paper proposes reviewing principal methods employed conventional treatment other technologies eliminate MCs water. We also describe principles MSL systems compare others, highlighting some advantages MCs. Overall, combination multiple (physico-chemical biological) makes good choice cyanobacterial applicable real-life conditions, especially rural areas.